You can make serving plates and all manner of other items that will help make life easier and take you from surviving to thriving! Besides spoons, you can also make spatulas for indoor and outdoor cooking endeavors.
Homestead Use: What about bowls, plates, and cups? The possibilities are endless! These are just a wooden bowl and a small club that people use to mix various ingredients, either for cooking or medicinal purposes. If you have or thinking of growing medicinal herbs, save yourself the 15 bucks that you would pay to get one and make your own.
Homestead Use: Make a larger one to grind thicker plant matter in. This could help with making jam or extracting fibers. Check out this video showing how to make a wooden pestle:. But it does have one huge advantage: you can disassemble it… so if, for some reason, the law enforcement decides to confiscate all knives, they will never know that a stick split in the middle, a piece of flat rock and some cordage are in fact a hoko knife.
Check out this video showing one way to make a hoko knife:. This instructables video shows how to make one using basic materials. The cordage can be anything, but you can use Paracord, since you probably have it already. Watch this video on how to not just make one but also throwing techniques:. If you want to have a back-up fire starting method, you know that the bow drill method is the oldest one out there.
So long as you can find the right wood white cedar, cottonwood, aspen , you can make your own board, hearth and spindle. Homestead Use: Absolutely anytime! Everyone should be practiced in making and using these to start a fire. Survival Lily has multiple videos on how to make bow sets using different wood types. To break antler down into useful sized pieces without modern tools is quite difficult it can be abraded against a sharp piece of rock such as the edge of your oldowan chopper or even weakened with heat from your fire.
A glowing ember placed against the point at which you want the antler to break and blown on will heat up the antler and weaken it, a strong blow against a rock or with your wooden baton can then break off the piece you need. A pressure flaker is made from a single tine of an antler and when applied to the edge of a piece of flint it will chip off a small piece, if you make these small chips alternately from opposite sides of the piece of flint it will create a slightly stronger edge with a more obtuse angle, this is known as a retouched edge.
Hoko knives are the simplest hafted stone tools to make, they are basically a split stick with an antler flake secured in the split with cordage and or glue. They provide a better griping surface than an unhafted flake but also have less useful cutting edge.
An awl is an incredibly simple but very useful tool, it can be used to punch holes in bark, skin and other materials to allow you to sew is or to make pilot holes. It can also be used as a tool for scoring and cutting and for basketry. They are very easy to make using a deer leg bone but smaller finer awls can be made using bones from smaller animals but will be somewhat more fragile.
Using a burin you can score the bone so that when you break it it will break along the line you have scored. You will then need to abrade the now broken bone against a stone to sharpen it to a point. A stone hand axe is a natural progression from the simple chopping tool you started off with in your tool kit, those simple choppers can be made just by smashing a rock to create a sharp edge.
A true stone axe is a much more refined version of this tool, created by knapping, hand axes are used in the hand in a pinch grip for chopping and slicing. A further progression from the hand axe is a hafted stone axe, many of these were not only knapped but smoothed to a polished finish by abrasion against other stones and a process called pecking whereby a smaller stone is used to chip away gradually, similar to the way metal is bead blasted nowadays but much slower.
These long narrow axe heads would be fitted into a hole in a wooden handle rather than the modern idea of fitting the handle through an eye in the axe. These could then be used for chopping more like we would use a modern axe. Primitive cordage can be very strong but is rarely as abrasion resistant unless you use rawhide made from animal skins. Nevertheless lighting fires and drilling holes with a bow drill is perfectly possible with primitive materials and tools. It will just take you longer to make the drill, hearth and bow with stone tools instead of steel and you will have to be gentle with the cord you use.
Once you have got a fire going with your bow drill kit, you might want to use that fire for something. As you crush the bag, like squeezing the air out of a modern dry bag, it will squeeze their air out of the neck and you can direct it towards your fire place.
When you lift up the skin again and open the tail end it will fill up with air again. Larger skins are more useful for this something the size of a goat or a small deer. Another novel approach to making bellows is depicted in this youtube video:.
These tools would have been important in a Stone Age society, even though this was before what we would now understand as agriculture so these tools would not have been used to grind corn and wheat they would have been used to process other foods such as acorns, edible grass seeds and roots. They may have been made of wood burned and scraped out with an ember and a stick or piece of flint or most likely they would have just been two stones, a large flat one and a smaller one for grinding.
Over time the large flat stone would have developed a depression in it as it was used again and again. Spoons can be hollowed out of wood using an ember from your fire and a flint flake but it would be easier to use a shell or they can even be made out of folded bark like image 2 in the picture below;. With this basic range of tools, and utensils you can get a good meal and will also have a complete stone age tool kit and the tools you need to fashion all your weapons for hunting, fishing equipment and other primitive technology.
Geoff is a lecturer at Hartpury College. He has been teaching at colleges for eight years and in that time has worked at some of the most prestigious land based colleges in Britain. He trained as a professional hunter and game keeper and as well as his teaching job he still manages deer professionally as a deer stalker, carrying out culls, guiding clients and advising on deer management strategy.
He has operated his own bushcraft and survival skills training companies since and has also managed outdoor and environmental education centers in Norfolk and Scotland over the course of his career. A keen traveler, Geoff has honed his survival skills in New Zealand and Scandinavia, he speaks fluent Swedish and has proven his bushcraft ability on many expeditions. Several of these expeditions were on long distance trails in the UK to raise money for Whizz Kidz a charity that supports disabled children, Geoff has hiked over miles in aid of this charity.
I would add one more item. A bag or basket. Your email address will not be published. These can then be used to make the more refined tools that you will see here: 1. Oldowan chopping tool. Antler; as well as whole antlers being tools as they are when you find them they can be broken down and used just as bones are for crafting your primitive tools. Photo above: collecting antlers from the deer farm Wood; it goes without saying that wood is one of the most plentiful materials for making your primitive tools, and will be useful in the construction of a variety of implements.
Shells; shells can be improvised into small saws, containers and used for a variety of tasks. Photo above: a range of flinnnt microliths Photo above: a flint flake being used by primitive technology students to butcher a red deer Flint Burin A burin is basically a scoring or drilling tool, they can be made from chunks of flint or other silica rich stone but the key is that they are hard.
Photo: fine cordage used here for fishing with attached deer bone gorge hooks Glue Glue, like cordage, is another consumable item which may well not really be a tool but it is vital for securing arrow heads to shafts, backing a bow with sinew or horn and for making many of the other tools which are listed here. Sea Shell Saw This can be made with your flint burin or just with the edge of your Oldawan chopper to create teeth in the edge of a large shell such as a scallop shell.
Antler Soft-hammer These can be made out of the beam and coronet section of an antler. Photo above: Antler soft hammer made from the beam and corronet of a red deer antler Stone Hammers Unlike the soft hammer which was used specifically for flint napping other hammer tools would probably be most often used for pounding and crushing are some of the simplest tools that exist but because they are so simple there is often no need to make a specific tool for the job.
Hammers and clubs would have been used as weapons though and stone war clubs were used by many Native American tribes such as this Sioux war club; Photo above: Missouri History Museum Image in the Public Domain Flint Scraper Using a flake produced with your soft hammer you can make a scraper.
Photo above: a chert scraper for processing animal skins Antler Pressure Flaker To break antler down into useful sized pieces without modern tools is quite difficult it can be abraded against a sharp piece of rock such as the edge of your oldowan chopper or even weakened with heat from your fire.
Photo above: antler tines from a red deer antler, perfect for pressure flaking Hoko Knife Hoko knives are the simplest hafted stone tools to make, they are basically a split stick with an antler flake secured in the split with cordage and or glue. Bone Awl An awl is an incredibly simple but very useful tool, it can be used to punch holes in bark, skin and other materials to allow you to sew is or to make pilot holes.
Photo: a finished bone awl Hand Axe A stone hand axe is a natural progression from the simple chopping tool you started off with in your tool kit, those simple choppers can be made just by smashing a rock to create a sharp edge. Celts and hafted axes A further progression from the hand axe is a hafted stone axe, many of these were not only knapped but smoothed to a polished finish by abrasion against other stones and a process called pecking whereby a smaller stone is used to chip away gradually, similar to the way metal is bead blasted nowadays but much slower.
Primitive Technology: Forge Blower. Print this article. Geoffrey Guy. Leave a Comment Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published.
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