But, there are treatments for health problems that develop from HPV. Your healthcare provider can treat genital warts with prescription medication. Cancers from HPV are more treatable when found and treated early. For more information, visit www. Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get the HPV vaccine after speaking with their healthcare provider about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination.
HPV vaccination for ages 27 through 45 provides less benefit. At any age, having a new sex partner is a risk factor for getting a new HPV infection. People who are already in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship are not likely to get a new HPV infection. Learn more about who should get an HPV vaccine. If you or your partner have genital warts, stop having sex until you no longer have warts.
We do not know how long a person is able to spread HPV after warts go away. HPV infections are usually temporary. A person may have HPV for many years before it causes health problems. If you or your partner receive a diagnosis of a disease from HPV, there is no way to know:. But there are vaccines that can stop these health problems from happening. You can get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus.
It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex. It also spreads through close skin-to-skin touching during sex. A person with HPV can pass the infection to someone even when they have no signs or symptoms. If you are sexually active, you can get HPV, even if you have had sex with only one person.
You also can develop symptoms years after having sex with someone who has the infection. This makes it hard to know when you first got it. In most cases 9 out of 10 , HPV goes away on its own within two years without health problems. But when HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer.
Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by looking at the genital area. HPV can cause cervical and other cancers , including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat called oropharyngeal cancer. This can include the base of the tongue and tonsils. Male genital warts Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Male genital warts Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information HPV vaccine. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Jameson JL, et al. Human papillomavirus infections. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, N. Accessed Feb. Bennett JE, et al. Philadelphia, Pa. American Academy of Dermatology.
Human papillomavirus HPV vaccination. Rochester, Minn. HPV vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed Oct. Anogenital warts. Human papillomavirus HPV and cervical cancer. World Health Organization. Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus infections: Epidemiology and disease associations. FDA approves expanded use of Gardasil 9 to include individuals 27 through 45 years old.
Food and Drug Administration. Frequently asked questions. Oral cancer screening: Currently, there are no standard screening tests for oral cancer. However, the American Dental Association ADA recommends dentists check for signs of oral and oropharyngeal cancer as part of a routine dental check-up in all patients. Although HPV infection itself cannot be treated, there are treatments for the precancerous cell changes caused by infection with high-risk HPV. Precancerous cervical cell changes : Most women who have precancerous cervical cell changes are treated with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure LEEP , which is a method to remove the abnormal tissue.
Learn more about treatments for abnormal cervical cell changes. Precancerous vaginal, vulvar, penile, and anal lesions and genital warts : Treatment methods include topical medicines, surgical excision , cryosurgery , and laser therapy. HPV-related cancers: Individuals who develop an HPV-related cancer generally receive the same treatment as patients with tumors at the same site that are not related to HPV infection. However, patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer may receive different treatments than patients whose oropharyngeal cancers are not caused by HPV.
Learn more about treatment options for oropharyngeal cancer , including targeted therapy and new types of treatment such as immunotherapy being tested in clinical trials. HPV infection causes cells to undergo changes. If not treated these cells can, over time, become cancer cells.
Once high-risk HPV infects cells, it interferes with the ways in which these cells communicate with one another, causing infected cells to multiply in an uncontrolled manner. These infected cells are usually recognized and controlled by the immune system. However, sometimes the infected cells remain and continue to grow, eventually forming an area of precancerous cells that, if not treated, can become cancer. Research has found that it can take 10 to 20 years, or even longer, for HPV-infected cervical cells to develop into a cancerous tumor.
Among women whose cervical cells are infected with high-risk HPV, several factors increase the chance that the infection will be long lasting and lead to precancerous cervical cells. These include:. Clinical trials are an important step in learning about better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, such as cancers caused by HPV. Menu Contact Dictionary Search. Understanding Cancer. What Is Cancer? Cancer Statistics. Cancer Disparities. Cancer Causes and Prevention. Risk Factors.
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